详解Python requests 超时和重试

2020年12月30日 Jerry 9699 2021年1月17日

网络请求不可避免会遇上请求超时的情况,在 requests 中,如何设置请求超时时间又如何设置重试呢?

直接上代码

1、设置请求超时时间5s  timeout=5 来指定

def get_url():
    Headers = {
    'content-type': 'application/json', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.108 Safari/537.36'
    }

    url = "https://www.google.com.hk"

    print(datetime.datetime.now())
    try:
        res = requests.get(url=url, headers=Headers, timeout=5)
    except Exception as e:
        pass

    print(datetime.datetime.now())

五秒超时

jerrycoding 详解Python requests 超时和重试

2、设置超时重试,如下

def get_url1():
    Headers = {
    'content-type': 'application/json', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.108 Safari/537.36'
    }

    url = "https://www.google.com.hk"

    print(datetime.datetime.now())
    s = requests.Session()
    s.mount('http://', HTTPAdapter(max_retries=3))
    s.mount('https://', HTTPAdapter(max_retries=3))
    try:
        res = s.head(url=url, headers=Headers, timeout=5)
    except Exception as e:
        pass

    print(datetime.datetime.now())

超时重试三次,加上第一次应该是一共四次 耗时20s

jerrycoding 详解Python requests 超时和重试

上面这种重试是requests自己封装好的,但是不太满足个性化的需求 于是有了第三种超时重试

3、直接就是死循环,重试多次,一直到成功:

def get_url2():

    Headers = {
    'content-type': 'application/json', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.108 Safari/537.36'
    }

    url = "https://www.google.com.hk"

    keep = True
    while keep:
        try:
            res = requests.head(url=url, headers=Headers, timeout=5)
            keep = False
        except Exception as e:
            print(datetime.datetime.now())

可以看到一直重试

jerrycoding 详解Python requests 超时和重试

死循环可不行啊,加个次数就好了,对上面代码改进下,有了第四种

4、自定义重试次数

def get_url3():

    Headers = {
    'content-type': 'application/json', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.108 Safari/537.36'
    }

    url = "https://www.google.com.hk"

    keep = True
    maxtimes = 3
    count = 0
    print(datetime.datetime.now())
    while keep and count < maxtimes:
        try:
            res = requests.head(url=url, headers=Headers, timeout=5)
            keep = False
        except Exception as e:
            print(datetime.datetime.now())
            count = count + 1
            print('重试' + str(count))

jerrycoding 详解Python requests 超时和重试

这时候有的人会问,这第四种和第二种有啥锤子区别???看看下面这个例子

5、自定义时间间隔。

某些情况下,爬虫的时候短时间内重试多次返回的东西是一样的,这时候就可以设置多少间隔后再重试。

def get_url4():
    Headers = {
    'content-type': 'application/json', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.108 Safari/537.36'
    }

    url = "https://www.google.com.hk"

    keep = True
    maxtimes = 3
    count = 0
    print(datetime.datetime.now())
    while keep and count < maxtimes:
        try:
            res = requests.get(url=url, headers=Headers, timeout=5)
            keep = False
        except Exception as e:
            print(datetime.datetime.now())
            # 延时10s后重试
            time.sleep(10)
            count = count + 1
            print('重试' + str(count))

jerrycoding 详解Python requests 超时和重试

这样就可以控制每次重复请求的时间间隔,或者中间做点其他的东西。


原创文章,转载请注明出处: https://jerrycoding.com/article/reqtimeout

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